As India set to commemorate the 11th International Day of Yoga (IDY) on June 21, the theme “Yoga for One Earth, One Health” underscores a universal message of unity and well-being. From Ladakh to Kerala, millions across India and the world are uniting through yoga, a practice rooted in India’s ancient civilization that promotes physical, mental, and spiritual harmony.
Yoga’s origins trace back thousands of years to the Indus-Saraswati Valley civilization, where archaeological evidence, such as seals depicting meditative poses, suggests early yogic practices. The Sanskrit word “yoga,” derived from “yuj” meaning “to unite,” symbolizes the integration of body, mind, and soul, fostering inner balance and harmony with the world. Initially a spiritual discipline, yoga evolved into a structured path toward self-realization, reflecting India’s enduring wisdom.
During the Vedic period, yoga was integral to spiritual practices and rituals, with practices like pranayama (breath control) and Surya Namaskara influenced by reverence for the Sun. Guided by gurus, yoga emphasized spiritual transformation. Its presence is also evident in the Upanishads, Smritis, Puranas, Buddhist and Jain traditions, and epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana, with theistic traditions like Shaivism and Vaishnavism preserving its mystical essence.
A pivotal moment came in the 2nd century BCE with Maharshi Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras, which codified yoga into the eightfold path of Ashtanga Yoga, formalizing its philosophical and practical foundations. Between 700 and 1900 CE, Hatha Yoga emerged, focusing on the body as a tool for spiritual growth, as detailed in texts like the Hathayogapradipika and Gheranda Samhita. Spiritual luminaries such as Swami Vivekananda, Ramana Maharshi, and Paramahansa Yogananda further enriched yoga, introducing it to global audiences.
In the 20th century, yoga gained prominence through pioneers like T. Krishnamacharya, B.K.S. Iyengar, and Swami Sivananda, who explored its therapeutic and psychological benefits. A landmark moment occurred on September 27, 2014, when Prime Minister Narendra Modi, in his United Nations General Assembly address, highlighted yoga’s role in holistic well-being, leading to the UN’s unanimous declaration of June 21 as International Day of Yoga. This date, coinciding with the Summer Solstice and revered as the day Lord Shiva, the Adi Yogi, began teaching yoga, holds deep spiritual significance.
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