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How Diem became crypto’s sacrificial lamb

Facebook’s digital currency Diem — once seen as a force that could undermine financial stability and rival currencies — is now on life support after word got out last week that the association behind it is in talks with a small California bank to sell its assets for some €200 million.

But the announcement may not be a setback at all in the global crypto boom. In fact, Diem may have needed to die so that crypto can live. Some see Diem as the catalyst that galvanized policymakers on both sides of the Atlantic to take crypto seriously and regulate the market. And that’s a good thing, in the view of some industry players.

“Diem did bring quite a lot of public awareness and force regulators to take crypto seriously, given Facebook has such massive scale,” said Mathieu Hardy, chief development officer at OSOM, an Estonian-based fintech company that offers a crypto wealth manager with portfolios managed by artificial intelligence. “It might have been a very expensive experiment from Facebook … but it did stir things up.”

“[It] probably accelerated the regulatory work that might have taken longer had a player of Facebook’s size not gotten involved,” he added.

Not so fast

Given that international institutions, central bankers and policymakers once feared Diem (initially dubbed Libra) could overwhelm their regulatory reach, €200 million looks like a measly sum.

To advocates of tougher regulation like MEP Stefan Berger, Diem’s demise signals that even the mightiest players — in this case Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of Facebook’s parent company Meta — will fall in the face of fierce political opposition and red tape.

“Zuckerberg’s attempt to become a central bank has not been successful,” quipped Berger. “Facebook has tried to reach for the stars with a project which cannot meet the necessary regulatory requirements when nothing less than the stability of the financial system is at stake.”

Berger, a German conservative, is shepherding an EU bill through the European Parliament that will regulate markets in crypto assets (MiCA) and is likely to come into force by 2024. He’s among the many legislators who perceived Diem’s plans as a threat to monetary sovereignty, given that Facebook has 2.9 billion users across the world. Anyone using Meta’s other apps, such as Instagram, Messenger and WhatsApp, would also eventually have gained access to Diem.

Such global reach and access to payment data was an especially terrifying prospect to policymakers after the Cambridge Analytica scandal emerged in 2018. It revealed how roughly 50 million U.S. Facebook users had their data harvested without their knowledge.

Against that backdrop, Diem was unveiled with the backing of 25 other tech companies, including Uber, Spotify and Coinbase, in the summer of 2019. Just six months later, the EU slapped a ban that stipulated no global stablecoin — the crypto asset underpinning Diem — could operate on EU soil until rules and oversight were in place. Stablecoins are tied to a basket of currencies or financial assets to reduce price volatility.

Diem tried to assure policymakers that it wouldn’t monetize people’s data, but rather help the unbanked and allow people to move money across borders without time lags or high fees. That argument went nowhere, and the EU legislators who are handling MiCA are now setting high regulatory demands on any crypto asset that can dominate the payment landscape.

The European Central Bank, meanwhile, is set to get powers to veto any crypto asset it doesn’t like.

The backlash in Europe was so fierce that Diem abandoned its Swiss headquarters in spring 2021 and crossed the Atlantic in hope of finding a friendlier reception.

“I’ve found this line of thinking profoundly un-American,” Meta’s then-financial chief, David Marcus, wrote in a blog post last August. “We can and should play a key role in improving the unacceptable state of affairs that persists for too many people, and the American way to do it is to enable more competition and innovation to break the stalemate of decades of stagnation.”

But U.S. lawmakers were less impressed, and soon called on Meta to abandon its crypto plans. Meta was left aggrieved — while Marcus quit Meta and Diem in November.

Meta’s next act

Despite Diem’s loss, others in the crypto space say the tide is turning.

For one, the ECB is starting to develop a digital euro to keep in lockstep with the growing popularity of cryptocurrencies. ECB Executive Board member Fabio Panetta went so far as to warn EU lawmakers last November that “if we don’t satisfy this demand, then others will do it.”

Meanwhile, some crypto players are trying to make peace with regulators and improve the industry’s image.

“It’s a maturing process,” is how Bitstamp’s chief executive, Julian Sawyer, recently described the regulatory crackdown in an interview with POLITICO. “What the industry wants is to get clear guidance from the regulators about what is possible and what is not possible.”

And then there are Zuckerberg’s latest plans for crypto. Meta began trialing last fall a digital wallet, called Novi, in the U.S. and Guatemala. It will be able to send and receive stablecoins quickly and cheaply, unlike conventional payments, opening up a new battleground with policymakers.

Digital wallets could be the next breakthrough in fintech as a new platform to let people store personal information, such as a driving license. Carrying that information on your phone could make it much easier for banks and money managers to carry out due diligence checks before offering services or financial products to customers, for example.

The EU will be ready for Novi when and if it arrives on European smartphones: The EU’s executive arm unveiled a bill last summer that will set industry standards for digital wallets to ensure people’s privacy and personal data are protected — with a firm eye on Meta.

“We want to empower citizens by giving them full control of data they share and also put an end to the ‘wild west’ where personal data can be exploited with minimal or non-existent safeguards,” said Croatian S&D lawmaker Romana Jerković, who’s shepherding the bill through Parliament.

CORRECTION: This story has been updated to clarify that Jerković is from Croatia.

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https://ift.tt/KMwdm4615 January 30, 2022 at 03:48PM
Bjarke Smith-Meyer

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